This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

The Kharsare intrusive mass (South of Ghorveh) is located in the middle part of the Sanandaj– Sirjan zone. The batholith comprises three plutonic units including gabbro-diorite, granite and syenite. In addition, the hybrid rocks with a lot of mixing and minling evidences (including lobate or/and ellipsoidal micro granular mafic enclaves sometimes with chilled margins in granite or in hybrid rocks; net-veining granite; and synplutonic brecciated mafic dikes) crop out in interaction zone between granites and gabbros. The calc-alkaline and metaluminous gabbro-diorite and High-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous granites emplaced in Late Jurassic, simultaneously. The peraluminous A-type syenite formed later and intrude two above mentioned plutonic rocks. Geochemical features suggest that gabbro-diorites and granites formed in an active continental margins. It seems the pioneer mafic magma formed in a subduction setting by partial melting of metasomatized mantle. It ascent and emplace in lower crust to produce the granitic melt. The mingling and mixing evidences that may support local crustal contamination of the mafic melt. The younger syenite is resulted from heating by intrusion of the mafic magma in the end phase of continental arc magmatism.

Literary works, doubtlessly, affect each other, and no text is independent of another. This dialogue and effectiveness leads to the dynamism of literary works. The Syrian writer, Zakaria Tamer, is among the authors who sketch the position of modern human and their lack of identity by his special techniques. In this article, the series AR- Ra’dhas been studied based on the intertextual relations creatively made with literary, historical and especially the Holy Quran using an analytical-descriptive method of research. Generally, Tamer makes use of all possibilities, especially of ancient heritage, to describe the crises the modern human faces. The author has benefited the Holy Quran which is the most precious and comprehensive literary, religious and historical heritage, in a way that the title of the story series and the themes discussed, remind the readers of the Surah “Ar-Ra’d” and the concepts brought up in it.

Introduction: Many businesses were challenged by the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 worldwide. Meanwhile, the tourism industry was among those industries that were affected the most by the pandemic, suffering huge losses economically. Therefore, considering the restrictions imposed by governments on tourists’ travels to counter the spread of the virus, turning to virtual tourism can partially compensate for some of the losses incurred in this regard. Goal: Investigating the potential tourists' attitudes toward AR applications, their intention to use them in their future travels, and, similarly, their intention to recommend these applications to others. Methods: The required data were collected via online questionnaires using the convenient sampling method. The research questions were then analyzed via the SPSS software using a binominal test. Findings & Results: The results indicated the positive attitude of the respondents and their high willingness to use and recommend this application to others. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggested that the respondents had a positive attitude towards using AR-based applications and that they were willing to use them for their future travels. Moreover, it was found that they were ready to recommend such applications to others. Therefore, AR technology could be regarded as an opportunity for marketing managers of tourist destinations to use to maintain public awareness of their destinations’ brands during the lockdown imposed upon the outbreak of pandemics such as covid-19. Moreover, this new technology can help flourish tourist destinations by creating added value for tourists.

Environmental graphics is a wide branch of design that is used in the design of many buildings and complexes today. In this regard, this art can also provide valuable help to designers and architects in the design of art museums, which has been examined in this research; Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the structure and environmental graphic design in the contemporary art museum. The information required for this research was collected by the library and field method by visiting related libraries and museums and was noted and recorded with a recording tool and a camera. Then this information was analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way and the results showed that the current interior graphics of art museums in Iran do not follow a certain standard and their implementation methods of interior graphics are also not appropriate. By using the available space in contemporary museums, the problem can be solved; Because the space in the works of contemporary museums can be in the structure and graphic design of the interior environment in the contemporary era.More about this source textSource text required for additional translation informationSend feedbackSide panels

Background: Infertility is a multifactorial disease. Hormonal disorders and genetic factors are important in female infertility. Development and maturation of ovulation are depending on the molecular signaling pathways in response to androgens. Over hundreds of mutations leading to resistance gene function in androgen receptor (AR) has been recorded. One of them is polymorphic region 5' UTR. Thus regarding to the role of androgen receptor in infertility, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between gene mutations AR and infertility in Iranian women.Materials and Methods: In this study of 50 infertile women and 80 healthy women as a control, blood samples were taken. After extraction of DNA, PCR method was used to determine the AR gene mutations.Results: In the present study in '5UTR area at position+25 androgen receptor gene a T nucleotide deletion was observed., therefore single nucleotide mutations did not change in the androgen receptor gene expression, so indicates the lack of communication between the AR gene mutations in the promoter region of 23 to 214+in women with infertility. According to the results of this study are significant differences between the two groups of patients and healthy women was not found (P=0.5).Conclusion: Results indicated no correlation between mutations in the promoter region of 23 to 214+AR genes in the population studied women with infertility.

The classical integer valued first-order autoregressive (INAR (1)) model has been defined on the basis of Poisson innovations. This model has Poisson marginal distribution and is suitable for modeling equidispersed count data. In this paper, we introduce a modification of the INAR (1) model with geometric innovations (INARG (1)) for modeling over dispersed count data. We discuss some structural mathematical properties of the process comparing with classical INAR (1). Also, the superiority of the model in contrast with the INAR (1) is shown by some real time series.

If we try to estimate the parameters of the AR process {Xn} using the observed process {Xn+Zn} then these estimates will be badly biased and not consistent but we can minimize the damage using a robust estimation procedure such as GM-estimation. The question is does additive contamination affect estimates of "core" parameters in the infinite variance case to the same extent that it does in the finite variance case? We will see that if the contamination {Zn} has higher tails than the core process {Xn}, the estimation of parameters of the core process will not be greatly affected; that at least its consistency is preserved.

This paper is concerned with the discrimination between two stationary AR(1) plus noise processes in the time domain approach. The distribution of the discriminant function, when the differences between two stationary processes is concentrated in their variances rather than their means, leads to a linear combination of one degree of freedom chisquare random variables. The coefficents are calculated numerically. An analytic method is given by other investigations for ARMA processes, and an extension is given here for AR(1) plus noise processes which have two errors rather than one. The weights and cumulants of the discriminant function are compared using a numerical method